Building a Deck: How to Choose the Right Type of Lumber

Building a deck can be a fun and rewarding project. Whether attached to your home or a stand-alone structure, a deck can enhance the functionality of your home and increase its value. However, building a deck is a labour-intensive task, both in the planning and construction phases. One of the critical considerations when building a deck is choosing the right lumber for the project. In this guide, we will explore the ins and outs of material selection to help you pick a suitable decking for your home, environment, and skill level. For more assistance finding the appropriate lumber for your deck, stop at Wood Country Building Services.

Understanding Your Needs

Why

As with any home improvement or DIY project, define your needs. Why are you undertaking the project? Do you have an existing deck that needs updating or repairs, or space in the yard that is ideal for a new deck? Whatever the reasons, establishing the ‘why’ will make the ‘how’ and ‘what’ much simpler.

How

Now that you know why you are taking on the project, the next step is determining how. For example, how large will the deck be? Or, how will the existing deck get repaired? How will the deck look and be maintained? How frequently will the maintenance need to be done, and who will perform it? These are crucial questions in determining the scope of your deck build, which will directly correlate to the project cost, so be as specific as possible.

What Types of Lumber are Used for Decks?

You will be limited to a few types of products for the deck structure, typically pressure-treated wood or cedar. Steel is another, albeit less common, option for deck structures. However, when choosing decking and finishing materials, the selection of products is vast. Let's explore the most common decking options:

Pressure-Treated Wood

Pressure-treated wood (colloquially known as PT lumber) is standard SPF (spruce, pine, fir) framing lumber that has been impregnated with a chemical cocktail to enhance the wood's resistance to insects, weather, and rot. It's the most common material used for deck framing and is a cost-effective option for deck boards, stairs, and railing parts.

Once an unnatural-looking green colour (the result of copper oxidation), current pressure-treated wood is a more appealing brown. The colour will fade and turn grey over time, so depending on your preferences, you may choose to stain the deck.

Pro tip: When purchased, pressure-treated lumber often has high moisture content, so it's best to let the deck sit for two to three months to allow the moisture to evaporate before staining or sealing. Once stained, the deck will require routine reapplications. A benefit of pressure-treated lumber is the ease of maintenance and repairs. The ubiquitous nature of the product makes finding replacement material for repairs a cinch.

Cedar

Cedar, well-known for its beauty, aromatics, and natural insect-repelling ability, is another option for structures, decking, and railing parts, albeit at a higher price than PT lumber.

Similar to pressure-treated wood, cedar will turn grey over time. Some people prefer the naturally weathered patina, while others stain it. Unlike pressure-treated wood, cedar can be treated with finished coats immediately after purchase. Like all finished surfaces, you must maintain the top coat to keep it looking good.

Tropical (Exotic) Hardwoods

Tropical hardwoods, also known as exotic hardwoods, are highly durable, natural products with superb moisture and insect-repelling properties. Bubinga and Ipe are common tropical hardwoods used for deck lumber.

However, their hardiness comes at a high cost, and due to their density, they often pose challenges when working with them. Predrilling holes is a necessity, and breaking drill bits and dulling saw blades is common when working with these products.

Composite, Vinyl & PVC

Although distinct products with individual characteristics, composite, vinyl, and PVC decking share a commonality – they are artificial decking solutions. These products consist of a substrate, like fibres or aggregate, and a binder, in this case, vinyl, PVC, or another plastic-like material. The mix is combined, compressed, and cured to create the finished decking product. They are waterproof, insect-resistant, and very durable, depending on the qualities. They come in various colours, board widths and lengths, and fastening systems. Composite, vinyl, and PVC often have compatible products for trim boards, stair components, and railing parts. However, the quality between brands and products can vary. A high-quality product in this category can last a lifetime and is the ideal choice for docks, boat decks, and exposure to saltwater.

Composite, vinyl, and PVC typically start at a high price and go up from there. The high cost is one of many drawbacks. Vinyl and PVC products can get very hot in direct sunlight and be unbearable to walk on barefoot. Many of these products expand and contract to a large degree, so joints in boards and mitre cuts never stay snug and tight. Some composite products have a thin veneer over a low-quality substrate. That layer is easily damaged and can chip and peel when pressure washing. Vinyl, composite, and PVC scratch with everyday use, but can't be sanded or easily repaired like their wood counterparts. Unlike traditional wood deck lumber, these products can be slippery when wet, even with textured surfaces. The manufacturing process can have a higher carbon footprint depending on the product, such as PVC.

Gettin’ Decky with It

Building a deck is more than just nailing any old lumber together; it's a thoughtful process that begins with selecting suitable materials. Before strapping on your tool belt, understanding your needs lays the foundation for success. Pressure-treated wood, cedar, tropical hardwoods, or composites offer unique benefits and considerations. Whether you prioritize cost-effectiveness, natural beauty, or long-term durability, there's a decking material tailored to your project. For further guidance on choosing the right lumber for your deck, trust us to steer you in the right direction.